Ifanelekile ukwenza umlinganiselo wokumelana nokufakelwa kwe-insulation (IR), umlinganiselo wokufunxa (i-DAR), isalathisi se-polarization (PI), i-leakage current (Ix) kunye ne-absorption capacitance (Cx) yazo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zombane ophezulu, kubandakanywa i-switchgear, i-transformers, ii-reactors, ii-capacitors, ii-motor, iijenereyitha kunye neentambo, njl.